9 World Chronicles

Necropolis

A city where the dead are honored. With tombs and funerary shrines. Necro meaning death.

Most of the famous necropolises of Egypt line the Nile River across from their cities. In ancient Greece and Rome, a necropolis would often line the road leading out of a city; in the 1940s a great Roman necropolis was discovered under the Vatican's St. Peter's Basilica

Egypt

The Giza Necropolis of ancient Egy pt is one of the oldest and probably the most well-known necropolis in the world since the Great Pyramid of Giza was included in the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Aside from the pyramids, which were reserved for the burial of Pharaohs, the Egyptian necropoleis included mastabas, a typical royal tomb of the early Dynastic period.

Abusir

Bagawat

Dahshur

Saqqara

Siwa Oasis

Theban Necropolis

Minya

Algeria

Jedars

Nepasa

Roknia

Brazil

Cemitério de São Francisco Xavier

By Halley Pacheco de Oliveira - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36331204

The Etruscans took the concept of a "city of the dead" quite literally. These tombs had multiple chambers and were elaborately decorated like contemporary houses. The arrangement of the tumuli in a grid of streets gave it an appearance similar to the cities of the living.

Etruscan necropoleis were usually located on hills or slopes of hills.[5]

Mycenae

In the Mycenean Greek period predating ancient Greece, burials could be performed inside the city. In Mycenae, for example, the royal tombs were located in a precinct within the city walls. This changed during the ancient Greek period when necropoleis usually lined the roads outside a city.

Kerameikos outside of Athens

Vergina

Amphipolis

Marathon

Persia

Naqsh-e Rustam is an ancient necropolis located about 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest of Persepolis, in Fars Province, Iran. The oldest relief at Naqsh-i Rustam dates to c. 1000 BC Darius the Great

The North Acropolis of the ancient Maya city of Tikal in Guatemala is an architectural complex that served as a royal necropolis and was a centre for funerary activity for over 1300 years. The acropolis is located near the centre of the city and is one of the most studied of Maya architectural complexes.

Iraq

Wadi-us-Salaam, reputedly the largest cemetery in the world.

Lebanon

Tyre Necropolis

Libya

Necropolis of Cyrene

Malta

Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni

Morocco

Chellah is a medieval fortified Muslim necropolis located in the metro area of Rabat, Morocco,

North Macedonia

Saint Erasmus

Pakistan

Chaukundi

Makli Hill

Peru

Necropolis of Wari Kayan

Russia

Kremlin Wall Necropolis

Somalia

Hafun

Syria

Necropolis of Emesa

Valley of Tombs

Turkey

Tombs of the kings of Pontus

Karacaahmet Cemetery

Eyüp Cemetery

Hierapolis necropoleis

Lycian necropoleis

Ukraine

Caves of The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra

Uzbekistan

Bahoutdin Architectural Complex

Vatican City

Vatican Necropolis

tempt·ress

/ˈtem(p)trəs/

noun

a woman who tempts someone to do something, typically a sexually attractive woman who sets out to allure or seduce someone.

In the Biblical Account the temptress Delilah wooed and seduced the hero Samson in a plot to steal his strength by shaving his head.

She was successful in her endeavors.

In the epic of Gilgamesh  Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, abuses his people. In response to complaints from the citizens, the goddess Aruru creates Enkidu in the steppe. Abundantly hairy and primitive, he lives roaming with the herds and grazing and drinking from rivers with the beasts. One day a hunter watches Enkidu destroying the traps he has prepared for the animals. The hunter informs his father, who sends him to Uruk to ask Gilgamesh for help. The king sends Shamhat, a prostitute, who seduces Enkidu. After two weeks with her, he becomes human, intelligent and understanding words, however the beasts flee when they see him. Shamhat convinces Enkidu to face the tyrant Gilgamesh in combat.

The Goddess Inanna famously attempted to seduce Gilgamesh King of Urak. He rejected her, infuriating the proud gods. In retribution she unleashed the bull of heaven on Earth. The bull caused tremendous damage and killed people until he was slain by Gilgamesh and the now civilized Enkidu.

Circe the Siren of Greek myth seduced the Trojan Hero Odysseus. He spent a year on her isle before he was able to break free of her spell.

Lilith, the rebel turned demon of Abrahamic beliefs became a succubus as she was fully corrupted. She survived by seducing been in the guise of a beautiful temptress. Those who tell into her trap were drained of the life force.

The Kemetic Goddess Nephthys yearned for a child but was married to Set who rejected her. She seduced her sister Auset’s husband Ausar and conceived the Under world god Anubis (Anpu).

Sopdet  Sharp one

Associated: Sopdet Star (the Sirius), inundation of the Nile

Culture: North Africa Kemetic Egyptian

Cult Center: Per Sopdet

Period of Worship : predynastic peris through Greco-Roman invasion

Consort Sah (Orion)

Offspring: Sopdu Venus

The Astral Goddess

Sopdet (Sepdet, Sothis) personified the 'dog star' Sirius. This star was the most important of the stars to the ancient Egyptians.

SOPDET,  or SIRIUS, is the brightest of all the fixed, stars, and is regarded as the most important star in the sky, in Kemetic Beliefs,  forming the astronomical foundation of their religious system, delineating the rhythms, and cycles, by which they lived, and establishing its, mysterious connection, with humanity.

The heliacal rising of this star came at the time of inundation and the start of the Egyptian New Year.

 As a goddess of the inundation, she was a goddess of fertility. She also was linked to the pharaoh and his journey in the afterlife.

In the mythology of the NTRs (who would latter be called gods by the Greeks), the Sopdet star is their solar home. The source of not only these enlightened being but was viewed as the ultimate source of knowledge. This star can be seen from almost every inhabited region of Earths surface.

This celestial body was sacred to the Freemason and the order of the Eastern star.

Even as early as the 1st Dynasty, she was known as 'the bringer of the new year and the Nile flood'. When Sirius appeared in the sky each year, the Nile generally started to flood and bring fertility to the land. The ancient Egyptians connected the two events, and so Sopdet took on the aspects of a goddess of not only the star and of the inundation, but of the fertility that came to the land of Egypt with the flood. The flood and the rising of Sirius also marked the ancient Egyptian New Year, and so she also was thought of as a goddess of the New Year.

She is depicted as a nude figure wearing a conical white crown of Lower Egypt surmounted by a star. Late in Egyptian mythology she becomes largely syncretized with Isis.

heliacal rising of the bright star preceded the usual annual flooding of the Nile.[8] It was therefore apparently used for the solar civil calendar which largely superseded the original lunar calendar in the 3rd millennium BC

During the Old Kingdom, she was an important goddess of the annual flood and a psychopomp guiding deceased pharaohs through the Egyptian underworld.

From the Middle Kingdom, Sopdet sometimes appeared as a god who held up part of Nut (the sky or firmament) with Hathor.

She is also thought to be a guide in the afterlife for the pharaoh, letting him fly into the sky to join the gods, showing him 'goodly roads' in the Field of Reeds and helping him become one of the imperishable stars. She was thought to be living on the horizon, encircled by the Duat.

        ‘When I have bathed for the king, for the lord,

        when I have bathed for the shepherd Dumuzid (Dumuzi),

        when I have adorned my flanks (?) with ointment (?),

        when I have anointed my mouth with balsamic oil, when I have painted my eyes with kohl,

        when he has …… my hips with his fair hands,

        when the lord who lies down beside holy Inanna, the shepherd Dumuzid, has …… on his lap,

        when he has relaxed (?) …… in my pure (?) arms,

        when he has intercourse (?) with me …… like choice beer,

        when he ruffles my pubic hair for me, when he plays with the hair of my head,

        when he lays his hands on my holy genitals, when he lies down in the …… of my sweet womb,

        2 lines unclear

        when he treats me tenderly on the bed, then I will too treat my lord tenderly.

        I will decree a good fate for him!

        I will treat Culgi (King Shulgi), the good shepherd, tenderly!

        I will decree a good fate for him! I will treat him tenderly in his ……!

        I will decree the shepherdship of all the lands as his destiny!’ …

        ‘In battle I will be the one who goes before you.

        In combat I will carry your weapon like a personal attendant.

        In the assembly I will be your advocate.

        On campaign I will be your encouragement.

        You are a shepherd chosen by holy …….

        You are the generous provider of E-ana.

        You are the pure (?) one of An’s Iri-gal.

        You are worthy of …….

        You are one who is entitled to hold high his head on the lofty dais.

        You are one who is worthy of sitting on the shining throne.

        Your head is worthy of the brilliant crown.

        Your body is worthy of the long fleecy garment.

        You are worthy of being dressed in the royal garb.

        You are suited to hold the mitum weapon in your arm. …

        You are a fast runner suited to race on the road.

        You are worthy to delight yourself on my holy breast like a pure calf.

        May your love be lasting!

        An has determined this for you, and may he never alter it!

        May Enlil, the decreer of fates, never change it!’

Maat – The Embodiment of Truth

The central concept of Egyptian cosmology and ethics was Maat. The word Maat can mean truth justice righteousness or balance and cosmic law.

The primary duty of the Egyptian pharaoh or King was to be the champion of Maat.

to be sure that the kingdom was living in Maat.

The Goddess Maat became the personification of those principals.

Kings were frequently shown offering a miniature figure of Maat to the chief deity of any particular temple. All daily rituals and sacrifices would be deemed meaningless unless the King and his people were living righteously.  Judges and high officials wore images of the goddess to signify that they were enforcing her laws.

Maat was also a part of the death of a soul and an integral to the success of a soul passing through the Hall of the Two Truth where the heart was weighed against the feather of Maat.

In the book of coming forth by day the Hall of two truths is the place where souls of the dead come to be judged. The hearts of the dead were weighed against a feather of Maat.

If like Ra,  the dead person had Maat in his (her)  heart the scales were balanced, and the deceased would be clear declared true or voice or justified.  If the soul was heavy with untruth and misdeeds they were consumed by a great monster.

Maat was linked to Thoth who was the impartial judge who was said to have put the laws of Maat into writing. This gave a divine precedent for the many works of Egyptian literature that teach or debate how to live in Maat in the real world.

Egyptians’ myth of the golden age include a period when Maat was ruler of the world. she was sometimes said to have drawn in the heaven because unrighteous nature of some men.

The goddess Maat was the beloved daughter of RA the creator sun God. She travels with him in the solar baroque delighting his heart and “giving him life to his nostrils”.

From the old Kingdom onward, Maat  presence were thought to be vital to the daily regeneration of the sun God. In underworld books she is often shown standing close to Ra and both the day and night boats of the sun. This or the dual nature of Egypt as two kingdoms may explain why Maat can appear as two identical goddesses.

Goddess of cosmic order. Epitomizing the harmonious law of cosmic order and truth.

She was recognized from at least the middle of the third millennium and most likely much earlier.

Her only known sanctuary is in the Temple Complex Karnak at Thebes.

Maat is depicted either in human form wearing an ostrich plume on her head or by an ostrich feather alone.

The rulers of Egypt believed they were governed under her aegis and referred to themselves as “beloved of Maat.

Sia the deification of thought

Culture: North African

Classification: Primal Deity

Associated: Creation, Wisdom Thought

was the deification of perception in the Heliopolitan Ennead cosmogony and is probably equivalent to the intellectual energies of the heart of Ptah in the Memphite cosmogeny. He also had a connection with writing and was often shown in anthropomorphic form holding a papyrus scroll. This papyrus was thought to embody intellectual achievements.

Sia is a deity belonging to the Heliopolitan Creation myth. She represents “personification of mind” and “deification of wisdom” and she is born from one drop of blood from Ra, the ancient Egyptian sun god. There exists another god who is also born from one drop of blood from Ra, it is Hu and Hu is the “deification of the word of creation”. Both Sia and Hu represents insight and wisdom of Ra.

At the beginning of time, the god Atum emerged from the swirling waters of chaos to stand on the first dry land, the primordial ben-ben, to begin the act of creation.

The universe was created and given form by magical means, and magic sustained both the visible and invisible worlds. Heka was thought to have been present at creation and was the generative power Atum Ra drew upon in order to create life.

To me belonged the universe before you gods came into being. You have come afterwards because I am Heka" (Spell, 261).

Sia  is the thought, the idea the inspiration.

Hu is the execution of those idea through the spoken word.

Moreover, these three  deities, Sia the Divine thought, Hu the creative utterance, and Heka the generative force, accompany Ra to set the order in the universe and maintain everything created. They are seen together with the falcon-headed sungod standing in the sunboat as it travels across the sky. This points to the mythical concept that every sunrise is equal to the world being created anew.

Sia appeared standing on the solar barque during its journey through the night in New Kingdom underworld texts and tomb decorations, together with Hu, the "creative utterance," and Heka, the god of magic. These gods were seen as special powers helping the creator, and although Heka had his own cult Sia did not

 #Ebony #african #africanswaName: Th’uban the Great Dragon  Classification: Dragon  Associated: Evil Culture: Islamic https://youtu.be/ULpT-wIF7L4 #model #awesome #black #panafricanism

Ahura Mazda wise lord

Classification: The Supreme God

Associated: Light, Wisdom

Culture: Ancient Persian

Known period of worship Circa 1500 BCE

Cult Centers: Throughout the Near East during the Persian and Roman Empires.

Art References : Various Sculptures and reliefs

Literary Sources: Avestia

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Ahura Mazda represented the Sky and embodied wisdom fruitfulness and benevolence his opponent and also his creation was Angra Mainyu God of darkness and sterility.

 There were other deities, but life was essentially a struggle between the two gods of good and evil. In the 7th or 6th century BC E the Prophet Zoroaster the founder of Zoroastrianism declared Ahura Mazda alone worthy of absolute worship. Ahura Mazda was the essence of beneficent nature. creator of heaven and earth the font of law and morality and  Supreme judge of the universe .

When he was 30 he participated in a spring festival as a member of a priestly family and one of his duties was to draw water from the deepest and purest part of the stream for the morning ceremony. Here at the Daytia river, he met the angel Vohu Mana.

 The entity asked Zoroaster who he was and what was the most important thing in his life. To which Zoroaster answered that he wanted most of all to be righteous, pure and wise. By this answer, he was granted a vision of Ahura Mazda and his archangels from whom he learned the principles that would lead to the religion known late as Zoroastrianism.

He becomes the god of light and truth in the Zoarastrian concept of Dualism.

His chief attendant was Mithras. According to myth his first creation was a wild bull. It had to be confided to a cave to control the beast. It escaped and Mitra was tasked with finding filling the animal.  When the beast was slain it blood fell to the Earth and created life

He becomes the god of light and truth in the Zoarastrian concept of Dualism. His offspring include Could have been a love child  Gayomart  the archetype male.

Beyond, apart and without him, there is nothing in existence. He is changeless, moving all while not being moved by anyone, has no equal, and no one can take the heavens from him. He favors the just man, upholding the truth and proper behavior. Ahura Mazda created the twin spirits, Angra Mainyu, the destructive spirit, and Spenta Meynu, the good spirit.

Ishologu

Undead servant of whicthes typically brought back to live as revenge.

Impundulu

Asanbosam

Classification:  Mythological Creature Demon

Culture Ghana and Togo

Asanbosam is a parasitic creature of African Mythology. It belongs to the folklore of the Akan of southern Ghana, Togo and 18th century Jamaica from enslaved Akan.

The Asanbosam are creatures of the night, and typically avoid or even fear the bright sun The Asanbosam resides in the trees and forest feeding primarily on those who roam by means of its domain. They wait silently in tree, by their curves and hooked feet and catch its prey unaware.

 It is said to have iron teeth, pink skin, long red hair and iron hooks for feet.

I has large blood-shot eyes, long legs, and feet pointing both ways. Its favorite trick is to sit on the high branches of a tree and dangle its legs to entangle the unwary hunter.

Some are more aggressive hunters and will seek to infiltrate human dwellings and steal away with small children. They can be bold in the dusk hours, as from a distance they can appear to be more human.

The Asanbosam feed on the life essence of its human victims although it may consume the flesh and organs as well. Its is said that they are cursed or soulless human, they can only sustain themselves by draining the essence of others.

These creatures can be killed with normal weapons although they are noted to particular strong and fast.

Sopona Bringer of Small Pox

Classification: Orisha

Culture: West African Yoruba, Dahomean Religion, Afro-Brazilian

Associated: Small pox

Sopana is said to be the true name of the Orisha Babalú-Ayé, He has dominion over all skin ailments, major and minor, as well as infectious and viral diseases. He controls all illnesses that manifest on the skin, like measles or chicken pox. Babalu Ayé has emerged as the spirit of AIDS and the patron who protects those suffering from this illness. He owns all secrets of death, disease, and cemeteries. who is a patron for those who are suffering. He is the embodiment of both disease and cures.

When he was angered his true name Sopona is used. Because of the nature of this Orisha, priesthood was highly controlled and only a priest could use his real name.

people of this religion believed that if the priests were angered, they were capable of causing smallpox outbreaks through their intimate relationship with Shapona.

After the British invasion of the Gold Coast worship and priesthood of Sopona was banned.

In Dahomean religion Sopono is known as Sakpata, Shakpana or similarly Sopono. He is the divinity of smallpox and can inflict both insanity and disease on humans.

Sopona is known in the Afro-Brazilian tradition of Candomblé as Sakpata or Sakpata-Omolu in the (Jejé nation). He is associated with the colors red, black, and white, as in Africa. Insects associated with him are Sakpata-Omolu beetles, black butterflies, flies, and mosquitoes. A skirt and hood made of straw that covers the entire body is the clothing associated with Sakpata-Omolu followers and worship.

In the Trinidad Orisha tradition, Sopona is known as Shakpana, and is similarly a ferocious god associated with healing smallpox.

The cup of Eternity

Classification: Sacred Object

Associated: immortality, longevity

Also Known As: the Holy Grail, The Cup of Life, The Serpent Grail

Culture: Hindu. Indian Sub Continent, Christianity (Europe) , Eastern Philosophy myth of China and Korea

Literature:  Aramahansa Yogananda’s poem, “The Cup of Eternity”. Medieval folk lore

. . . The deathly thirst so fleshly born

Shall parch his soul, oh, ne'er again!

The cup he'll drink, but not the bane,

To quench his thirst and bliss attain.* . . .

aramahansa Yogananda’s poem, “The Cup of Eternity” speaker is dramatizing the spiritual longing, metaphorically describes as “thirst,” which can by quenched only by God-realization through gaining awareness of the soul within the physical and mental encasements.