9 World Chronicles

Togo officially the Togolese Republic is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The country extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers 57,000 square kilometres (22,008 square miles), making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately 8 million, 9  as well as one of the narrowest countries in the world with a width of less than 115 km (71 mi) between Ghana and its slightly larger eastern neighbor, Benin

 

 

From the 11th to the 16th centuries, various ethnic groups settled the Togo region.  Various tribes moved into the country from all sides - the Ewe from Benin, and the Mina and the Guin from Ghana. These three groups settled along the coast.

 

when Portuguese explorers arrived in 1471, there are signs of Ewe settlement for several centuries before their arrival. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the coastal region became a major slave trading center and the surrounding region  took on the name of "The Slave Coast." For during these 200 years, the coastal region was a major trading center for Europeans in search of slaves. Established by the Portuguese.

 

The German Empire established the protectorate of Togoland (in what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana) in 1884 during the period generally known as the "Scramble for Africa".

At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 the colony was drawn into the conflict. It was invaded and quickly overrun by British and French forces during the Togoland campaign and placed under military rule. In 1916 the territory was divided into separate British and French administrative zones, and this was formalized in 1922 with the creation of British Togoland and French Togoland.

The Country gained independence in 1960 but was placed under a hard-handed single-family rule. Since 2007, the country along a gradual path to democratic reform. Togo has since held multiple presidential and legislative elections deemed generally free and fair by international observers.

Chief of State

President Faure GNASSINGBE

Head of Government

Prime Minister Komi KLASSOU

Government Type

presidential republic

Capital

Lome

Legislature

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee

Nationale (91 seats)

Judiciary

Supreme Court (organized

into criminal and administrative chambers,

each with a chamber president and advisors);

Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges,

including the court president)

GEOGRAPHY Area Total: 56,785 sq km Land: 54,385 sq km Water: 2,400 sq km Climate tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north Natural Resources phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

 

PEOPLE & SOCIETY

Population

8.6 million (July 2020 est.)

Population Growth

2.56% (2020 est.)

Ethnicity

Adja-Ewe/Mina 42.4%,

Kabye/Tem 25.9%, ParaGourma/Akan 17.1%, Akposso/Akebu 4.1%, Ana-Ife 3.2%, other

Togolese 1.7%, foreigners 5.2%, no response .4% (2013-14 est.)

Language

French (official, the language of commerce), Dagomba, Ewe,

Kabye, Mina

Religion

Christian 43.7%, folk 35.6%, Muslim 14%, Hindu <.1%, Buddhist

<.1%, Jewish <.1%, other .5%, none 6.2% (2010 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 42.8% of total population (2020)

rate of urbanization: 3.76% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Literacy

63.7% (2015

 

ECONOMY

Economic Overview

steady economic growth fueled by political stability and

government efforts to modernize commercial infrastructure;

depends heavily on commercial and subsistence agriculture;

among the world's largest producers of phosphate

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

$12.97 billion (2017 est.)

GDP per capita (Purchasing Power Parity)

$1,700 (2017 est.)

Exports

$1.05 billion (2017 est.)

partners: Benin 16.7%, Burkina Faso 15.2%, Niger 8.9%, India

7.3%, Mali 6.7%, Ghana 5.5%, Cote dIvoire 5.4%, Nigeria 4.1%

(2017)

Imports

$2 billion (2017 est.)

partners: China 27.5%, France 9.1%, Netherlands 4.4%, Japan 4.3%

With 28 ethnic groups and languages, Liberia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. For hundreds of years, the Mali and Songhai Empires claimed most of Liberia. 

Beginning in the 15th century, European traders began establishing outposts along the Liberian coast. Unlike its neighbors, however, Liberia did not fall under European colonial rule. In the early 19th century, the United States began sending freed

enslaved people and other people of color to Liberia to establish settlements. In 1847, these settlers declared independence from the United States, writing their own constitution and establishing Africa’s first republic.

Geography

Location

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone

 

Area

total: 111,369 sq km

 

PEOPLE & SOCIETY

Population

5.1 million (July 2020 est.)

Population Growth

2.71% (2020 est.)

Ethnicity

Kpelle 20.3%, Bassa

13.4%, Grebo 10%, Gio

8%, Mano 7.9%, Kru 6%, Lorma 5.1%, other 29.3% (2008 est.)

Language

English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages few of

which can be written or used in correspondence

Religion

Christian 85.6%, Muslim 12.2%, Traditional 0.6%, other 0.2%,

none 1.5% (2008 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 52.1% of total population (2020)

rate of urbanization: 3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Literacy

 

Climate

tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers

 

Terrain

mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast

 

Elevation

highest point: Mount Wuteve 1,447 m

 

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

 

Natural resources

iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower

Benin CIA Facts

 

Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a West African kingdom that rose to prominence in about 1500.

 

It rpresented a portion of a very prosperous area known as the Gold Coast.

The Empire resisted extensive attacks from European colonial powers.

 

The French Empire gained control of the region in 1892.

 

Imposing European religion and supplanting tribal independence and expression.

French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960; it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975.

 

A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent, who won a second five-year term in March 2011. Patrice TALON, a wealthy businessman, took office in 2016 after campaigning to restore public confidence in the government.

 

Nationality

noun: Beninese (singular and plural)

 

adjective: Beninese

 

Ethnic groups

Fon and related 38.4%, Adja and related 15.1%, Yoruba and related 12%, Bariba and related 9.6%, Fulani and related 8.6%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4.3%, Dendi and related 2.9%, other 0.9%, foreigner 1.9% (2013 est.)

 

Languages

French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)

 

Religions

Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%, other 2.6%, none 5.8% (2013 est.)

 

Economic overview

The free market economy of Benin has grown consecutively for four years, though growth slowed in 2017, as its close trade links to Nigeria expose Benin to risks from volatile commodity prices. Cotton is a key export commodity, with export earnings significantly impacted by the price of cotton in the broader market. The economy began deflating in 2017, with the consumer price index falling 0.8%.

 

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 37,305

 

 

 

country comparison to the world: 164

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 10,905,559

 

 

 

 

Internet Country Code is .bj

 

Internet users 2.403.596 (20% of the population

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in Eastern Africa. At 580,367 square kilometres (224,081 sq mi), Kenya is the world's 48th largest country by total area. With a population of more than 47.6 million people in the 2019 census, Kenya is the 29th most populous country.  Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi,  As of 2020, Kenya is the third largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa.   Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest, Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, and the Indian Ocean to the southeast.

 

According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material, the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC, a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic.

 

The Official languages of Kenya are English and Swahili.

Although Swahili is the National Language.

Its National GDP is 206 billion and per capita income if roughly 4,ooo per year in US dollars.

Their Currency is the Kenyan Shilling.

East Africa, including Kenya, is one of the earliest regions where modern humans are believed to have lived. Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviors including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points

 

 

Culturally Cush is integrally tied to the Kemetic civilization of North Africa and may have been the predecessor of the Kemetic Egyptian nation.

We know that at tie Cush war against Egypt and controller various parts of Egypt of its long history.

 

Cush and thus this region are integral in the beliefs of the Neters of Sirius B who would be interpreted as the Gods of Egypt.

 

They are also as a people tied to the Ogdoad cosmology and myth.

 

Kikuyu

Luhya

Kalenjin

Luo

Kamba

Somalis

Kisii

Mijikenda

Meru

13.78% Other

 

 

 

Eswatini,  officially the Kingdom of Eswatini, and also known as Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north, west and south. At no more than 200 kilometres (120 miles) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 miles) east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa; despite this, its climate and topography are diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld.

 

The population is primarily ethnic Swazis. The language is Swazi (siSwati in native form). The Swazis established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane the 3rd.  The country and the Swazi take their names from Mswati the 2nd, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881 in the midst of the Scramble for Africa. After the Second Boer War, the kingdom, under the name of Swaziland, was a British protectorate from 1903 until it regained its independence on 6 September 1968. In April 2018 the official name was changed from Kingdom of Swaziland to Kingdom of Eswatini, mirroring the name commonly used in Swazi.

 

The government is an absolute diarchy, ruled jointly by Ngwenyama ("King") Mswati III and Ndlovukati ("Queen Mother") Ntfombi Tfwala since 1986. The former is the administrative head of state and appoints the country's prime ministers and a number of representatives of both chambers (the Senate and House of Assembly) in the country's parliament, while the latter is the national head of state, serving as keeper of the ritual fetishes of the nation and presiding during the annual Umhlanga rite. Elections are held every five years to determine the House of Assembly and the Senate majority. The current constitution was adopted in 2005. Umhlanga, held in August/September, and incwala, the kingship dance held in December/January, are the nation's most important events.

 

Eswatini is a developing country with a small economy. With a GDP per capita of $9,714, it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa; in order to ensure economic stability, Eswatini's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Eswatini's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Eswatini is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.

 

The Swazi population faces major health issues. It is estimated that 26% of the adult population is HIV-positive. As of 2018, Eswatini has the 12th lowest life expectancy in the world, at 58 years. The population of Eswatini is fairly young, with a median age of 20.5 years and people aged 14 years or younger constituting 37.5% of the country's total population. The present population growth rate is 1.2%.